Vermicompost is organic manure made by earthworms that feed on farm and kitchen waste. It improves soil structure, adds nutrients and helps soil hold water. Farmers can make it on their own land with low cost. Here is a step by step guide based on advice from agricultural research bodies.
Why use vermicompost
- Adds organic matter and nutrients to the soil.
- Improves soil texture and water holding capacity.
- Supports beneficial soil microbes.
- Reduces dependence on chemical fertilisers.
- Can be sold as an extra source of income.
Choosing earthworms
Surface dwelling earthworm species are used for composting. Eisenia fetida, often called the red wiggler, is the most common. Get healthy worms from a Krishi Vigyan Kendra, agricultural university or a trusted vermicompost unit.
Choosing the site
- A shaded place, such as under trees or a thatched shed, protected from direct sun and heavy rain.
- A slightly raised area that does not get waterlogged.
- Close to a water source.
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Making the bed
- Make beds or pits, or use ready made vermibeds of plastic or cement.
- Lay a base layer of coarse material like dry leaves, straw or husk for drainage.
- Add a layer of partially decomposed cattle dung.
- Add chopped crop residue, vegetable waste and dry leaves, mixed with dung.
- Sprinkle water to make the material moist, not soggy.
- Release the earthworms on top.
- Cover with a gunny bag or straw to keep it dark and moist.
Care
- Keep moisture moderate. The material should feel like a squeezed sponge.
- Turn the material gently from time to time for air, without harming worms.
- Protect from ants, rats, birds and heavy rain.
- Avoid adding oily food, meat, plastic, glass or chemicals.
Harvesting
Vermicompost is usually ready in about two to three months, depending on materials and weather. It looks dark brown, loose and smells earthy. Stop watering a few days before harvest so worms move down, then collect the top layer. Sieve it and store in shade.
How to use
- Apply to fields during land preparation.
- Mix into nursery beds and pots.
- Use for vegetables, fruits and flowers.
The quantity depends on the crop and soil. Ask your KVK or use your Soil Health Card advice.
Government support
Organic farming schemes like the Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana support farmers in making and using organic inputs. Some states give subsidies for vermicompost units under their agriculture or horticulture schemes. Check with your district agriculture office.
Bottom line
Vermicompost turns waste into valuable manure. With shade, moisture and the right worms, farmers can make it at home and improve soil health over time.
Source / स्रोत: Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Soil Health Card portal
